PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.